Network Topology
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Network Topology Definition
A network topology defines how devices are connected and how data moves between them. It’s the overall structure of a network, like a map showing the routes information takes. Network topologies can describe both physical layout (the actual arrangement of cables and devices) and logical layout (how data flows between those devices). The chosen topology affects a network’s speed, reliability, and scalability.
Network Topology Components
- Nodes: Physical or virtual devices on the network, such as computers, phones, printers, servers, or routers. Each node can send, receive, or forward data.
- Links: The communication paths connecting nodes. Links can be wired, such as Ethernet cables, or wireless, like Wi-Fi signals.
- Switches: Devices that connect multiple nodes within a network and direct data to its correct destination within a network segment.
- Routers: Devices that connect different networks and guide data packets to their destination using IP addresses.
- Transmission media: The physical or wireless channels that carry network signals. For example, copper cables, fiber options, or radio waves.
- Protocols: The agreed rules that control how devices communicate and share data. Common examples include TCP/IP and Ethernet.
Types of Network Topologies
- Bus topology: Connects all devices along a single shared cable. It’s simple and affordable but can slow down or stop completely if the main cable fails.
- Star topology: Links every device to a central hub or switch. It’s easy to set up and manage, but the network depends entirely on that central point.
- Ring topology: Arranges devices in a closed loop, where data travels in one direction from one device to the next. Offers predictable performance, but it can be disrupted if any link breaks.
- Mesh topology: Connects every device to several others or every other device on the network. Provides strong reliability but is expensive and complex to maintain.
- Tree topology: Combines multiple star topologies under one primary connection. It’s scalable and common in large networks, but it depends on the central backbone link.
- Hybrid topology: Mixes two or more topology types to balance performance, flexibility, and cost across different parts of a network.
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FAQ
In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of how devices are connected and how data moves between them. It can describe the physical setup (like the cables and devices) or the logical setup (the data paths and communication flow).
A network topology diagram visually maps the devices and connections in a network. It usually shows nodes (like computers, switches, and routers) and links (cables or wireless paths) arranged to show how data flows. Specialized tools and online diagram editors can make this process simple and clear.
The chosen topology affects how efficiently data moves through a network. For example, a star topology offers fast communication through a central hub, while a mesh topology increases reliability by adding multiple paths. Poorly designed topologies can lead to congestion, slower speeds, or single points of failure.
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