What Is an SSL VPN and How Does It Work?

 

SSL VPNs allow you to securely access private networks, like a company’s internal system, over the internet. Unlike other types of VPNs, they can work without special software that you have to install on your device. Think of it like a private tunnel for your data that you can enter through any standard web browser.

Companies use SSL VPNs to give their remote employees access to internal files, systems, and applications. They’re popular and widely used because they’re easy to log into and work across most devices. In this guide, we’ll explain how SSL VPNs work, how they differ from other VPNs, and when they might be the right tool for secure remote access.

What Is SSL and Why Do VPNs Use It?

SSL stands for “Secure Sockets Layer” and is a type of security protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that helps computers and other devices share information safely. Like other security protocols, SSL encrypts your traffic, creating a secure connection between your browser and a server. That means anything you type or view, like passwords or company documents, stays hidden from snoops or cybercriminals.

SSL is very simple to use as it works over web browsers, so you don’t always need to install additional software. This makes it ideal for secure remote access to company systems. Employees can simply go through the company’s portal on a website and log in to reach their emails, files, and apps. 

SSL is also firewall-friendly and works reliably over public Wi-Fi, which is great for digital nomads and travelers. Instead of using an open and vulnerable connection, you get secure access to documents, email messages, and more. 

The SSL protocol was officially retired in 2015 and replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security), which works the same but provides stronger and more modern encryption. However, the term SSL is still commonly used, even though most services have moved on to TLS.

What Is an SSL VPN? 

An SSL VPN provides a secure way to access a private network using just your web browser. It encrypts the data sent between your device and the network. Think of it like a virtual gate a company creates. Employees can walk through it using a browser to access the files, apps, and digital tools they need. 

There are two types of SSL VPNs: portal-based and tunnel-based. 

Portal-Based SSL VPNs

Most SSL VPNs work through a simple web page called a portal site. You visit the portal’s URL, log in with your credentials (and often two-factor authentication), and access your company’s internal systems through an encrypted tunnel. This doesn’t require any complicated apps or extra software, which makes setup easy and quick.

Portal-based SSL VPNs only secure your activity within the VPN portal page. Other tabs or web pages in your browser aren’t protected. The same applies to other online apps, like email clients or file-sharing apps.

Tunnel-Based SSL VPNs

Tunnel-based SSL VPNs work like traditional VPNs since they require a client. This is often a piece of software, like an app or a browser extension, that encrypts your connection to the company network. Tunnel-based VPNs use SSL/TLS instead of other protocols because of its remote access benefits.

One advantage of tunnel-based SSL VPNs is that they encrypt more than your connection to your company’s internal systems. A browser extension will secure all of the pages you access across all your browser tabs and windows. An SSL VPN client protects your device’s entire incoming and outgoing traffic. 

Here’s how tunnel-based SSL VPNs work:

1. First, you install the SSL VPN app or browser extension on your device. 
2. Launch the application/extension and log in using your credentials. 
3. Once you hit Connect, you’ll connect to your chosen SSL VPN server. 
4. The VPN will now tunnel all or specific traffic, depending on its settings. 

While tunnel-based SSL VPNs offer better privacy and security, portal-based services are a more popular choice. They protect only what happens when you log in to your company’s portal site but are much easier to set up and use. They also work on any device as long as it has a web browser—so computers, phones, tablets, and more.  

What Are SSL Clients, Servers, and Services?

An SSL VPN has two key parts: clients and servers. An SSL VPN client is an app you install on your device and use to connect to your company’s network. This applies specifically to tunnel-based SSL VPNs.

Servers are the brain of the operation. When you connect, your traffic goes through a secure VPN server, which encrypts your data and routes it safely between your device and your company’s network. The server enforces security policies, authenticates users, and keeps unauthorized access out.

Many companies don’t build and maintain SSL VPNs in-house. Instead, they use SSL VPN services, which are ready-made solutions provided by existing vendors. These often come with ready-to-use clients and servers equipped with management tools, security updates, and customer support.

How to Set up an SSL VPN

To set up an SSL VPN, you can use a trusted provider or build and maintain it yourself from scratch. 

Most companies choose to use a reputable vendor to get expert support, regular security updates, and a straightforward setup process. Building an in-house SSL VPN provides complete control and privacy, but it’s more complex due to the expertise and budget required to maintain security standards and troubleshoot any issues.  

Here’s a step-by-step instruction on how you can set up an SSL VPN:

1. Choose how you want to deploy your VPN: If you choose to go with a provider, take your time to compare what each one offers. Or create your own VPN using open-source or commercial software.
2. Select your server software: Your chosen vendor will come with a recommended solution. If you choose a custom build, popular choices include OpenVPN Access Server or SoftEther VPN. Remember to plan where to host the server (on-premises or in the cloud) and how you’ll handle updates and security patches.
3. Plan user access and authentication: Decide who can connect and what they can access. Create strong usernames and passwords and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) or dedicated keys. You should also set clear permissions for your teams to access only the files or apps they need.
4. Install and configure the server: Use your provider’s guide to get the server working. If you’re going with a custom setup, install your VPN software, create valid SSL/TLS certificates, and configure encryption settings.
5. Test your setup: Open the VPN portal or client and check that the SSL/TLS certificate works (look for a padlock icon in your browser URL bar). Log in as a user to confirm they can access limited resources. Check that no firewall or routing issues block connections. 
6. Deploy to users: Share login instructions, portal URLs, or client installers. Remind users to keep passwords strong and use 2FA whenever possible. Monitor connections, regularly update security features, and adjust permissions when necessary.

Benefits and Drawbacks of SSL VPNs

Benefits of SSL VPNs

• • Browser access (in most cases): Portal-based SSL VPNs work through a web browser, so you don’t need to install any extra software. 
  • SSL/TLS encryption: Industry-standard encryption protects your data from eavesdropping and tampering. It’s the same encryption used for online banking and shopping. 
  • Device compatibility: Devices with an up-to-date web browser, like laptops, tablets, and smartphones, can connect without special apps or complex setup.
  • Firewall-friendly connections: Traffic runs over standard HTTPS, which is rarely blocked by firewalls, avoiding issues common with other VPN protocols. 
  • Access control: Administrators determine access permissions based on user role, department, or working hours to limit resources to authorized users.

Disadvantages of SSL VPNs

• • Coverage limitations: Portal-based SSL VPNs protect only what happens in the browser tab you’re using, leaving other tabs and non-web applications (like file sharing) without security. 
  • Encryption gaps: Encryption in portal-based SSL VPNs doesn’t cover all incoming and outgoing data, which can expose your data.
  • Performance impact: Voice calls, video meetings, large downloads, and other bandwidth-heavy tasks may run slower, especially when many people connect at once.

How Are SSL VPNs and IPsec VPNs Different?

SSL and IPsec VPNs are the two most common ways to secure remote access. They both encrypt data and ensure privacy online, but they differ in a few ways:

• • Scope of protection: IPsec works at the network layer, encrypting all traffic to and from your device, and it needs a VPN client. SSL VPNs (TLS-based) protect specific apps like web browsers and are easier to access via a browser. Both offer strong security when properly set up.
  • Device compatibility: Portal-based SSL VPNs work through a web browser, so they’re easy to use on most devices and networks. IPsec VPNs rely on a dedicated client and often need custom configuration for each operating system and firewall.
  • Speed and performance: IPsec VPNs are faster and better at managing lots of data and connections at the same time. SSL VPNs are simpler to deploy but may deliver slower performance under heavy traffic.

What’s the Difference Between SSL VPNs and Traditional VPNs?

SSL VPNs are designed to provide secure remote access to company resources. Traditional VPNs focus on protecting your online privacy and hiding your activity from pesky onlookers. 

Generally speaking, SSL VPNs are best for: 

• • Providing remote workers with secure access to company resources, like documents and email messages.
  • Giving contractors or third parties temporary access to the company’s internal system.

On the other hand, traditional VPNs are best for:

• • Securing your incoming and outgoing traffic using secure protocols, like OpenVPN or WireGuard ®
  • Fast and secure streaming, safe downloads, and lag-free online gaming. A secure VPN is the perfect choice for a range of internet activities.
  • Changing your virtual location. By giving you a new IP address, a traditional VPN hides your real location from advertisers, malicious actors, and any other snoops.

Your Takeaway on SSL VPNs and How They Work

SSL VPNs provide a straightforward and easy-to-manage way for companies to secure remote access. They make it easy and safe for remote employees, trusted partners, or contractors to reach internal files, apps, and systems. While SSL VPNs are simple to use and keep costs and setup time low, they don’t always provide the fastest speeds and full-device protection. 

For everyday privacy and traffic encryption on any network, CyberGhost VPN is a better choice. It’s compatible with popular operating systems, including Windows, Android, Mac, and iOS, letting you connect with just one click of a button through a user-friendly app. No matter which server you choose, your connection will be instantly protected with top-tier encryption, secure protocols, and an automatic kill switch. You can buy CyberGhost VPN risk-free with its 45-day money-back guarantee. 

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